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The KH-11 KENNAN (KENNEN according to other sources〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=15 August 1972 )〕), renamed CRYSTAL in 1982〔p.199-200〕 and according to leaked NRO budget documentation currently going by the codename of Evolved Enhanced CRYSTAL (EEC)〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=30 August 2013 )〕 (but also referenced by the codenames 1010,〔p.82 Key Hole〕 and "Key Hole"〔), is a type of reconnaissance satellite first launched by the American National Reconnaissance Office in December 1976. Manufactured by Lockheed in Sunnyvale, California, the KH-11 was the first American spy satellite to use electro-optical digital imaging, and create a real-time optical observation capability. Later KH-11 satellites have been referred to by outside observers as KH-11B or KH-12, and by the names "Advanced KENNAN", "Improved Crystal" and "Ikon". Official budget documents refer to the latest generation of Electro-Optical satellites as ''Evolved Enhanced CRYSTAL System''.〔 The Key Hole series was officially discontinued in favor of a random numbering scheme after repeated public references to KH-7 Gambit, KH-8 Gambit-3, KH-9 Hexagon, and KH-11 satellites. KH-11 satellites are believed to have been the source of some imagery of the Soviet Union and China made public in 1997, as well as images of Sudan and Afghanistan made public in 1998 that were related to the response to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings. == Program history and logistics== The Film Read-Out GAMBIT (FROG) served as NRO Program A's competitor to NRO Program B's initial electro-optical imagery (EOI) satellite.〔National Reconnaissance Office. GAMBIT and HEXAGON Programmatic Declassification Guidance. 23 June 2011. Released by NRO on 7 March 2012.〕 Data is transmitted through a network of communications satellites; the Satellite Data System.〔 The initial ground station for the processing of the electro-optical imaging was a secret National Reconnaissance Office facility in Area 58, located in the continental United States according to the NRO,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.fas.org/irp/nro/declass.pdf )〕 and more precisely in Fort Belvoir according to other sources.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.associatepublisher.com/e/q/qu/quasar_(satellite).htm )〕 In 1999, NRO selected Boeing as the prime contractor for the Future Imagery Architecture (FIA) program, aimed at replacing the KH-11 satellites by a more cost effective constellation of smaller, and also more capable reconnaissance satellites. After the failure of the FIA in 2005, NRO ordered from Lockheed two additional legacy hardware KH-11s. USA-224, the first of these two, was launched in early 2011 two years ahead of the initial schedule estimate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=7 September 2011 )〕 In January 2011 NRO offered NASA two space optical systems with 2.4 m diameter primary mirrors, similar to the Hubble Space Telescope, yet with steerable secondary mirrors and shorter focal length resulting in a wider field of view. These could either be spare hardware from the KH-11 program, or optics from the cancelled FIA program.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Donated space telescopes are leftover spy program failures )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/nro-donates-spare-telescopes-to-nasa-372916/ )〕 The satellites were reportedly stored in a clean room facility at ITT Exelis in Rochester, NY. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「KH-11 Kennan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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